Shape winding around

The CSS3 `shape-outside` property, when combined with the `float` property, breaks the limitations of traditional rectangular layouts by enabling text to wrap around irregular shapes. This property supports basic shape functions like circles, ellipses, polygons, and rectangles. Circles are defined by their radius and center position, making them ideal for avatar-and-text combinations. Ellipses are commonly used in magazine layouts, while polygons allow for complex effects like diamond-shaped wrapping. Additionally, the alpha channel of an image can be used to define shapes, with `shape-image-threshold` setting the transparency threshold. The `shape-margin` property adds an outer margin to the shape, and when paired with `clip-path`, it can also crop the element's appearance. CSS animations can create dynamic wrapping effects, and CSS variables combined with media queries enable responsive shape design. In practice, browser compatibility must be considered, with fallback solutions provided. For performance, complex polygons should be avoided, and static shapes optimized for scrolling. Creative applications include logo wrapping, poetic typography, and product displays. Combining SVG allows for more precise path-based shapes.

Background attribute enhancement

CSS3 has significantly expanded background properties, supporting multiple background image overlays through the `background-image` property. Each layer can independently set its position and repeat mode. The `background-size` property controls background dimensions, including values like `cover` and `contain`. `background-origin` and `background-clip` respectively determine the starting point and clipping area of the background. New gradient background features, including linear and radial gradients, enable smooth transitions without images. The `background-attachment` property adds a `local` value, allowing backgrounds to scroll with content. `background-blend-mode` supports background blending modes. Background positioning syntax is enhanced to allow offsets from any edge, while repeat modes are extended with `space` and `round` values. Backgrounds can be combined with animations to create dynamic effects and paired with pseudo-elements for complex decorative designs. In responsive design, media queries or `image-set` can adapt backgrounds to different devices. Performance optimizations include using CSS sprites to reduce requests and compressing large images. Backgrounds can also integrate with scrolling behaviors and masking techniques to create special visual effects like parallax. The CSS3 background shorthand syntax consolidates all these new properties.

Border image

Border images are a powerful feature in CSS3 that allows developers to use images as element borders, going beyond traditional solid colors or simple styles. The `border-image` property enables complex border effects such as gradients, patterns, or custom graphics, bringing more possibilities to page design. The basic syntax includes the image source, slice width, expansion, and repeat method. The image source can be any valid image URL or gradient. Slice values determine how the source image is divided, while border width controls the display width. The expansion parameter allows borders to extend beyond the element's boundaries. Repeat methods include stretching, tiling, resizing, or adding spacing. Practical applications include creating gradient borders, button designs, multi-border effects, responsive layouts, animated borders, and integration with SVG. Considerations include browser compatibility and performance optimization. Border images can be combined with rounded corners, shadows, form elements, grid layouts, Flexbox, and more. Alternative solutions and best practices are also available. Creative uses include label effects, navigation menus, and other innovative applications.

"Cropping and masking"

In CSS, clipping and masking are two distinct visual processing techniques. Clipping defines the visible area boundaries to control an element's display range, while masking uses images or gradients as transparency templates. Clipping is suitable for geometric shape cutting, whereas masking excels for complex patterns or gradient effects. The `clip-path` property enables circular or polygonal clipping, while the `mask` property supports image and gradient-based masking. Clipping generally offers better performance than masking. Combining both can create unique effects. Practical applications include circular avatars and gradient text. Note browser compatibility and responsive design considerations. These techniques can be integrated with filters, blend modes, and other features to produce rich visual effects.

Hybrid mode translates this sentence into English, outputting only plain text without any additional content.

CSS3 blending modes, achieved through the `mix-blend-mode` and `background-blend-mode` properties, enable elements to blend with backgrounds. Common modes include multiply, screen, and overlay, which can be used for text effects, image overlays, and background processing. Element blending modes allow text to interact with backgrounds, while background blending modes handle multiple background layers. Creative applications can simulate vintage photo effects, and combining them with animations creates dynamic visuals. Performance optimization is essential—avoid compute-intensive modes on large numbers of elements. Modern browsers offer good support, but fallback solutions are necessary. Practical uses include high-contrast text and SVG effects. Debugging involves adjusting opacity to observe effects. Blending modes provide rich visual expression for web design.

Filter effect

CSS3 filter effects are a powerful visual processing tool that enables a variety of visual effects without modifying the original image. By using the `filter` property, filter functions such as blur, brightness, contrast, drop-shadow, grayscale, hue-rotate, invert, opacity, saturate, and sepia can be applied. Multiple filters can be combined to create complex effects, and SVG filters can also be integrated for more advanced results. When using filters, performance optimization and browser compatibility should be considered. Filters can be combined with blend modes and applied in responsive design. JavaScript allows dynamic control of filter effects, while ensuring content readability and accessibility remains unaffected. Filters provide rich creative possibilities for web design.

Shadow effect

CSS3 shadow effects use the `box-shadow` and `text-shadow` properties to add depth and dimensionality to web elements. The basic syntax of `box-shadow` includes parameters such as horizontal offset, vertical offset, blur radius, spread distance, color, and inset shadows, enabling basic projections, multiple shadows, and inner shadow effects. Advanced techniques include neon glow effects and irregular shadows. `text-shadow` adds shadow effects to text. For performance optimization, it is recommended to avoid frequently changing shadow parameters in animations and to be mindful of the performance impact of blur radius. Browser compatibility solutions require vendor prefixes. Practical applications include card designs and input field focus states. Shadows can also be combined with filters and dynamically controlled using CSS variables.

Gradient background

Gradient backgrounds are an important feature of CSS3, enabling smooth transitions between colors and divided into two main types: linear gradients and radial gradients. Linear gradients transition along a straight line and can specify angles or directions, while radial gradients radiate outward from the center, forming circular or elliptical effects. CSS3 also supports repeating gradients, which can create patterns like stripes or dots. Gradient backgrounds are widely used in design elements such as buttons, cards, and borders. Modern browsers generally support them, though vendor prefixes may be needed for optimization. Recommended practices include avoiding overly complex gradients and using CSS variables to manage colors. Creative applications include rainbow text, 3D buttons, and metallic effects. Gradients can also be combined with animations to create dynamic backgrounds. In responsive design, media queries can adjust gradients, and debugging can be done using developer tools for step-by-step parameter adjustments. Additionally, gradients can be paired with background blend modes to create more complex visual effects.

2D/3D transformation

CSS3's 2D/3D transformations provide powerful visual presentation tools through the transform property to achieve element shape changes. 2D transformations include basic functions such as translation, rotation, scaling, and skewing. 3D transformations require the perspective property to establish a three-dimensional space, with core functions including Z-axis translation, 3D rotation, and perspective-origin control. The transformation order affects the final result, and the transform-origin property can be used to change the reference point. Complex mathematical transformations can be achieved using the matrix function. For performance optimization, enabling hardware acceleration is recommended. Practical applications include card flipping and 3D cube construction, with attention needed for browser compatibility issues. Transformations can be combined with keyframe animations to create dynamic effects. Common issues involve element flickering and perspective distortion, among others, which require corresponding solutions.

Keyframe animation

Keyframe animation is the core technology in CSS3 for creating complex animations. By defining key nodes, the browser automatically calculates intermediate transitions, providing finer control compared to transitions and enabling multi-stage, non-linear effects. The keyframe syntax includes an animation name and keyframe blocks, with time points represented by percentages or `from`/`to`. Once defined, animations are applied via the `animation` property, which includes multiple sub-properties such as duration and timing functions. Complex animations require multiple keyframes. For performance optimization, prioritize using `transform` and `opacity` to avoid triggering reflows. Advanced techniques include step animations, animation chaining, and 3D transformations. Responsive design can be achieved with CSS variables and media queries, and animations can interact with JavaScript for dynamic control. Note browser compatibility by providing prefixes and fallback solutions.