TypeScript support in the Vue.js ecosystem has significantly improved in recent years. Vue 3 was designed with native TypeScript support in mind from the beginning. The Composition API is naturally suited for type inference, and component props can be typed in multiple ways. The functional style of the Composition API better preserves type information, and template refs can be precisely typed. Vue Router 4 and Pinia both offer full TypeScript support. Modern toolchains like Vite, Vitest, and Volar continue to enhance TypeScript integration, enabling developers to enjoy strict type checking, intelligent code suggestions, and a smooth development experience. For third-party libraries with missing types, there are corresponding solutions. TypeScript not only provides type safety but also helps optimize performance.
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Vue.js performance optimization involves several key aspects: component lazy loading via `defineAsyncComponent` and route lazy loading to reduce initial load time; computed properties should maintain stable references to avoid unexpected cache invalidation; virtual scrolling technology can significantly improve long list rendering performance; reactive data should be finely controlled to prevent over-tracking; high-frequency events require debouncing or throttling to manage frequency; static content should use `v-once` to minimize redundant rendering; `shouldComponentUpdate` should be configured properly to control component updates; dependency injection requires attention to reactive impacts; compilation configuration optimizations like code splitting and modern mode builds; memory leaks should be prevented by timely cleanup of instances and event listeners; server-side rendering can be optimized via Nuxt configuration; and integrating monitoring tools for performance tracking and analysis.
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Vue 3.0 introduced significant improvements to its global APIs to support tree-shaking optimization for reduced bundle size. The global APIs were changed from being mounted on the constructor to being exported as independent modules, requiring developers to explicitly import the APIs they need, while unused ones will be removed. Compared to Vue 2.x's approach of directly mounting APIs, this new design significantly reduces code volume. The article provides a detailed comparison of the old and new API mappings along with migration examples. Actual measurements show an average reduction of 30-40% in bundle size. The new APIs work more flexibly with the Composition API. Configuring build tools can fully leverage these optimizations. It also addresses common questions and explains the implementation principle, which is based on the static analysis features of ES modules.
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Vue.js's custom renderer allows developers to override the default DOM rendering logic to achieve rendering targets in non-DOM environments such as Canvas, WebGL, or native mobile applications. The core approach involves creating elements, inserting elements, updating attributes, and removing elements, requiring the implementation of a specific set of node operation methods. The article demonstrates implementation examples of a Canvas renderer and a terminal console renderer, explaining how to integrate them with the Composition API. It also provides performance optimization techniques like batch updates and virtual node reuse. Practical applications include game development and data visualization. For debugging, tools like virtual node inspectors and logging can be used. Custom renderers need to consider compatibility with the Vue ecosystem, such as component library support and Vue Router integration. Testing strategies include unit tests and integration tests. Advanced topics cover support for custom directives, among others.
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Vue 3 introduces three major template syntax enhancements: Fragments, Teleport, and Suspense. Fragments allow components to return multiple root nodes, addressing Vue 2's single-root restriction, which is particularly useful for table and list structures. Teleport enables component templates to be rendered elsewhere in the DOM, making it ideal for modals, notifications, and other scenarios requiring hierarchical flexibility. Suspense specializes in handling async components, elegantly displaying loading and error states, and works effectively with async components and the Composition API. These features can be combined to create more powerful solutions, such as modals with async loading. Performance optimizations should be considered, like minimizing DOM nodes, avoiding frequent reflows, and using lightweight loading indicators. They also integrate seamlessly with other Vue features like `v-model`, `provide/inject`, and routing, making them suitable for complex forms, multi-step wizards, and other real-world scenarios. During development, debugging markers and state inspection can enhance the user experience.
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Vue 3's Composition API introduces the `setup` function as a core part, replacing Vue 2's Options API, including `data`, `methods`, and `computed`. The `setup` function executes before the component instance is created and cannot access `this`. Instead, it exposes data and functions through `props` and `context` parameters, as well as return values. Vue 3's lifecycle hooks are registered in `setup` via function calls, such as `onMounted` and `onUnmounted`, offering greater flexibility compared to Vue 2's hooks. The `setup` function supports asynchronous operations, facilitating data fetching, and allows logic to be encapsulated by feature for better code reusability. Note that `this` is unavailable in `setup`, requiring the use of `ref` or `reactive` to create reactive data. Lifecycle hooks execute in registration order but follow the overall lifecycle flow. Additionally, `setup` can integrate with features like `provide`, `watch`, and optimize performance with `shallowRef`.
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Vue 3 replaces `defineProperty` with `Proxy` to revamp the reactivity system, addressing the latter's inability to detect property additions/deletions and array mutations. `Proxy` enables more comprehensive reactive handling by intercepting operations, including dynamic property addition and `Map`/`Set` support. Performance-wise, `Proxy` adopts lazy conversion to reduce initialization overhead and minimize memory usage. Vue 3 introduces new APIs like `reactive` to simplify reactive programming while maintaining backward compatibility with older browsers. Source code analysis reveals core mechanisms like dependency tracking and update triggering. Best practices recommend optimizing for large objects and performance-critical scenarios, while the Composition API offers better code organization via composable functions.
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Vue.js provides two component authoring styles: Options API and Composition API. The Options API organizes code through options like data and methods, which is suitable for simple components, but logic can become scattered as complexity grows. The Composition API centralizes logic using the setup function and related functions, making it more suitable for complex components and logic reuse. The Options API reuses logic through mixins, which can lead to naming conflicts, while the Composition API achieves more flexible reuse via custom hooks. The Composition API offers better TypeScript support, declares reactive data using ref and reactive, calls lifecycle hooks as functions, and allows code organization by feature for better performance, though it has a steeper learning curve. The Options API is ideal for small projects and quick onboarding, while the Composition API is better suited for large projects and complex logic. Both can be gradually migrated, and Vue 3 supports coexistence of the two styles.
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Vue2 and Vue3 exhibit significant differences in architectural design and feature implementation. Vue3 reconstructed the reactivity system using Proxy, resolving Vue2's limitation with Object.defineProperty in detecting array mutations and newly added object properties. The introduction of the Composition API replaced the Options API, enabling better logic reuse and code organization. Lifecycle hook names were updated and unified within the setup function. Template syntax now supports multiple root nodes, and v-model usage was refined. Performance-wise, Vue3 reduced the core library size by half through virtual DOM optimizations and Tree-shaking. Enhanced TypeScript support provides more robust type inference. Global APIs were modularized for tree-shaking, while new features like Teleport and custom renderers were added. Asynchronous component definitions were updated, and transition animation class names now align better with CSS standards. These improvements significantly enhance Vue3's performance, development experience, and scalability.
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