Core knowledge points of Git

1. Git Fundamentals

• Introduction to Version Control Systems
• The Birth and Evolution of Git
• Differences Between Git and Other VCS
• Core Design Philosophy of Git
• Characteristics of Distributed Version Control
• Overview of Git Workflow
• Explanation of Basic Git Terminology
• Three States in Git (Modified, Staged, Committed)
• Introduction to Git Object Model
• Git Storage Mechanism

2. Git Installation & Configuration

• Installation Methods for Different Operating Systems
• Initial Configuration Before Running Git
• Setting User Identity (Username & Email)
• Text Editor Configuration
• Viewing and Modifying Configurations
• Configuration Levels (System, Global, Local)
• Alias Setup and Usage
• Color Display Configuration
• Ignoring Files (.gitignore)
• SSH Key Generation & Configuration
• Git Proxy Settings
• Credential Storage Configuration
• Cross-Platform Line Ending Handling

3. Basic Git Operations

• Initializing a New Repository (git init)
• Cloning an Existing Repository (git clone)
• Checking File Status (git status)
• Tracking New Files (git add)
• Staging Modified Files
• Ignoring File Modes
• Viewing Staged and Unstaged Changes (git diff)
• Committing Updates (git commit)
• Committing Without Staging
• Removing Files (git rm)
• Moving Files (git mv)
• Viewing Commit History (git log)
• Undoing Operations (git reset, git checkout, git revert)
• Remote Repository Operations Overview
• Tag Management (git tag)

4. Git Branch Management

• Concept and Purpose of Branches
• The Nature of Git Branches
• Creating & Switching Branches (git branch, git checkout)
• Basic Branch Merging (git merge)
• Resolving Merge Conflicts
• Branch Management Strategies
• Remote Branch Management
• Rebasing (git rebase)
• Rebase vs. Merge
• Interactive Rebasing
• Branch Workflow Practices
• Long-Running Branches & Feature Branches
• Renaming & Deleting Branches
• Branch Pushing & Tracking
• Checking Out Historical Versions & Detached HEAD

5. Remote Repository Collaboration

• Concept of Remote Repositories
• Viewing Remote Repositories (git remote)
• Adding Remote Repositories
• Fetching Data from Remote Repositories (git fetch)
• Pushing to Remote Repositories (git push)
• Tracking Remote Branches
• Deleting Remote Branches
• Renaming Remote Repositories
• Multi-User Collaboration Workflow
• Handling Push Conflicts
• Upstream Branch Setup
• Fork Workflow Introduction
• Pull Request Process
• Collaborating with GitHub/GitLab
• Open-Source Contribution Process

6. Advanced Git Operations

• Interactive Staging (git add -p)
• Stashing Changes (git stash)
• Searching Project History (git grep)
• Rewriting Commit History
• Using Git Hooks
• Submodule Management (git submodule)
• Subtree Merge Strategy
• Debugging with Binary Search (git bisect)
• Managing Multiple Working Directories
• Packing & Archiving
• Signing Commits & Tags
• Filtering Branches (git filter-branch)
• Recovery via Reflog (git reflog)
• Advanced Merge Strategies
• Custom Git Extensions

7. Git Internals

• Git Object Database
• Four Basic Object Types (blob, tree, commit, tag)
• Git Reference Mechanism
• Packfiles & Compression
• Refspecs
• Transfer Protocols & Smart HTTP
• Maintenance & Data Recovery
• Impact of Environment Variables
• Git Directory Structure Analysis
• Object Storage Format
• Index File Analysis
• Hook Execution Mechanism
• Merge Strategy Implementation
• Relationship Between Working Directory & Staging Area
• Garbage Collection Mechanism

8. Git Best Practices

• Commit Message Writing Standards
• Branch Naming Conventions
• Workflow Selection Recommendations
• Large Project Management Strategies
• Handling Binary Files
• Repository Splitting & Reorganization
• Performance Optimization Tips
• Security Considerations
• Backup Strategies
• Code Review Process
• Git Usage in Continuous Integration
• Team Collaboration Standards
• Troubleshooting Methods
• Recommended Learning Resources
• Common Errors & Solutions