Node.js is a JavaScript runtime environment based on the Chrome V8 engine, enabling JavaScript for server-side development. Its event-driven and non-blocking I/O model makes it particularly suitable for building high-performance network applications. It employs a single-threaded event loop mechanism to handle high concurrency and boasts a rich npm module ecosystem. Supporting cross-platform operation, it is ideal for real-time applications, API services, microservices, and data stream processing. It implements modularity via CommonJS and supports ES modules. Performance can be optimized using cluster mode. Promises or async/await are recommended to avoid callback hell. It provides a built-in debugger and supports testing frameworks like Mocha and Jest.
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