Team collaboration guidelines

The Importance of Team Collaboration Standards

Team collaboration standards for TypeScript projects are key to ensuring code quality and improving development efficiency. Teams lacking unified standards often fall into chaos with inconsistent code styles, feature conflicts, and high maintenance costs. Clear collaboration standards reduce communication overhead, allowing developers to focus on business logic implementation rather than formatting disputes.

Unified Code Style

Use ESLint and Prettier tools to enforce a consistent code style. Configuration should be included in the project root directory to ensure all team members follow the same rules.

// Example .eslintrc.js configuration
module.exports = {
  extends: [
    'eslint:recommended',
    'plugin:@typescript-eslint/recommended',
    'prettier'
  ],
  parser: '@typescript-eslint/parser',
  plugins: ['@typescript-eslint'],
  rules: {
    '@typescript-eslint/explicit-function-return-type': 'off',
    '@typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any': 'warn',
    'no-console': 'warn'
  }
};

Type System Standards

TypeScript's core strength lies in its type system. Teams should establish clear type usage standards:

1. Avoid using the any type; use unknown when necessary.
2. Provide detailed type annotations for public APIs.
3. Use type aliases and interfaces to organize complex types.

// Good type definition example
interface UserProfile {
  id: string;
  name: string;
  email: string;
  lastLogin?: Date;
}

type UserRole = 'admin' | 'editor' | 'viewer';

function getUserRoles(userId: string): Promise<UserRole[]> {
  // Implementation logic
}

Branch Management Strategy

Adopt Git Flow or a similar branch management strategy:

• Keep the main branch in a releasable state.
• Use the develop branch as the integration branch.
• Create feature branches from develop with the naming format feature/feature-name.
• Create hotfix branches from main with the naming format hotfix/issue-description.

# Example of creating a feature branch
git checkout -b feature/user-authentication develop

Commit Message Standards

Follow the Conventional Commits specification:

<type>[optional scope]: <description>

[optional body]

[optional footer]

Common types include:

• feat: New feature
• fix: Bug fix
• docs: Documentation changes
• style: Code formatting changes
• refactor: Code refactoring
• test: Test-related changes
• chore: Build process or tooling changes

Code Review Criteria

Establish a clear code review checklist:

1. Does the implementation meet requirements?
2. Are appropriate unit tests included?
3. Does the code follow project type standards?
4. Are there obvious performance issues?
5. Is error handling complete?
6. Is documentation updated accordingly?

Modular Design Principles

Follow SOLID principles for module design:

// Good modularity example
abstract class PaymentProcessor {
  abstract processPayment(amount: number): Promise<PaymentResult>;
}

class CreditCardProcessor extends PaymentProcessor {
  async processPayment(amount: number): Promise<PaymentResult> {
    // Credit card payment implementation
  }
}

class PayPalProcessor extends PaymentProcessor {
  async processPayment(amount: number): Promise<PaymentResult> {
    // PayPal payment implementation
  }
}

Testing Standards

Tests should cover core business logic:

1. Unit test coverage should be at least 80%.
2. Write test cases for each public method.
3. Use descriptive test names.

// Test example
describe('UserService', () => {
  let userService: UserService;
  let mockUserRepository: jest.Mocked<UserRepository>;

  beforeEach(() => {
    mockUserRepository = {
      findById: jest.fn(),
      save: jest.fn()
    };
    userService = new UserService(mockUserRepository);
  });

  test('should return user when found', async () => {
    const mockUser = { id: '1', name: 'Test User' };
    mockUserRepository.findById.mockResolvedValue(mockUser);
    
    const result = await userService.getUser('1');
    expect(result).toEqual(mockUser);
  });
});

Documentation Standards

Keep documentation synchronized with code:

1. Write a README.md for each module.
2. Use TypeDoc to generate API documentation.
3. Document important design decisions.

/**
 * User service class providing user-related operations
 * @class
 */
class UserService {
  /**
   * Get user by ID
   * @param userId - Unique user identifier
   * @returns User object or null
   */
  async getUser(userId: string): Promise<User | null> {
    // Implementation logic
  }
}

Continuous Integration Process

Configure CI/CD pipelines to automatically execute:

1. Code style checks
2. Type checking
3. Unit tests
4. Build verification

# GitHub Actions example
name: CI Pipeline

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v2
        with:
          node-version: '16'
      - run: npm ci
      - run: npm run lint
      - run: npm run test
      - run: npm run build

Dependency Management Strategy

Keep dependencies updated and secure:

1. Regularly run npm outdated to check for outdated dependencies.
2. Use npm audit to check for security vulnerabilities.
3. Lock dependency versions.

// package.json example snippet
{
  "dependencies": {
    "react": "18.2.0",
    "typescript": "~4.7.4"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/react": "^18.0.15",
    "eslint": "8.23.0"
  }
}

Error Handling Conventions

Standardize error handling:

1. Use custom error classes.
2. Explicitly declare possible errors in types.
3. Provide meaningful error messages.

class AppError extends Error {
  constructor(
    public readonly code: string,
    message: string,
    public readonly details?: unknown
  ) {
    super(message);
    this.name = 'AppError';
  }
}

async function fetchData(url: string): Promise<Data> {
  try {
    const response = await axios.get(url);
    return response.data;
  } catch (error) {
    throw new AppError(
      'FETCH_FAILED',
      `Failed to fetch data from ${url}`,
      { originalError: error }
    );
  }
}

Performance Optimization Guidelines

Establish performance optimization standards:

1. Avoid complex calculations in render loops.
2. Use appropriate data structures.
3. Reduce unnecessary re-renders.

// Performance optimization example
function ExpensiveComponent({ items }: { items: Item[] }) {
  const processedItems = useMemo(() => {
    return items.map(processItem);
  }, [items]);

  return <ItemList items={processedItems} />;
}

Code Organization Structure

Maintain a consistent directory structure:

src/
├── components/    # Shared components
├── hooks/         # Custom Hooks
├── services/      # Business services
├── stores/        # State management
├── types/         # Global type definitions
├── utils/         # Utility functions
└── pages/         # Page components

Type Export Standards

Organize type exports properly:

1. Manage global types in the types directory.
2. Avoid polluting the global namespace.
3. Use namespaces to organize related types.

// types/user.d.ts
declare namespace User {
  interface Profile {
    id: string;
    name: string;
  }

  type Role = 'admin' | 'user';
}

// Usage example
const user: User.Profile = {
  id: '123',
  name: 'John Doe'
};

Asynchronous Processing Patterns

Standardize asynchronous code style:

1. Prefer async/await.
2. Add type annotations to Promises.
3. Handle potential rejections.

// Good async handling example
async function loadUserData(userId: string): Promise<UserData> {
  try {
    const response = await fetch(`/api/users/${userId}`);
    if (!response.ok) {
      throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`);
    }
    return await response.json() as UserData;
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Failed to load user data:', error);
    throw error;
  }
}

Component Design Principles

React component design standards:

1. Keep components single-responsibility.
2. Properly separate container and presentational components.
3. Use Props type definitions for component interfaces.

interface UserCardProps {
  user: User;
  onEdit?: (user: User) => void;
  onDelete?: (userId: string) => void;
}

const UserCard: React.FC<UserCardProps> = ({ user, onEdit, onDelete }) => {
  return (
    <div className="user-card">
      <h3>{user.name}</h3>
      <p>{user.email}</p>
      {onEdit && <button onClick={() => onEdit(user)}>Edit</button>}
      {onDelete && <button onClick={() => onDelete(user.id)}>Delete</button>}
    </div>
  );
};

State Management Strategy

Choose state management based on project complexity:

1. Use React Context for small projects.
2. Use Zustand or Jotai for medium projects.
3. Consider Redux for large, complex projects.

// Zustand example
import create from 'zustand';

interface UserStore {
  user: User | null;
  setUser: (user: User) => void;
  clearUser: () => void;
}

const useUserStore = create<UserStore>((set) => ({
  user: null,
  setUser: (user) => set({ user }),
  clearUser: () => set({ user: null })
}));

// Usage in component
function UserProfile() {
  const user = useUserStore(state => state.user);
  // ...
}

Utility Function Standards

Utility functions should:

1. Maintain pure function characteristics.
2. Include complete type definitions.
3. Have clear test coverage.

// Utility function example
/**
 * Format date as YYYY-MM-DD
 * @param date - Date object or string convertible to date
 * @returns Formatted date string
 */
function formatDate(date: Date | string): string {
  const d = new Date(date);
  const year = d.getFullYear();
  const month = String(d.getMonth() + 1).padStart(2, '0');
  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, '0');
  
  return `${year}-${month}-${day}`;
}

Environment Variable Management

Manage environment variables securely:

1. Use .env files for sensitive information.
2. Access via process.env in code.
3. Create type definitions for environment variables.

// env.d.ts
declare namespace NodeJS {
  interface ProcessEnv {
    readonly REACT_APP_API_URL: string;
    readonly REACT_APP_ENV: 'development' | 'production';
  }
}

// Usage example
const apiUrl = process.env.REACT_APP_API_URL;

Code Reuse Strategy

Methods to improve code reusability:

1. Extract common custom Hooks.
2. Create higher-order components.
3. Design composable utility tools.

// Custom Hook example
function useLocalStorage<T>(key: string, initialValue: T) {
  const [storedValue, setStoredValue] = useState<T>(() => {
    try {
      const item = window.localStorage.getItem(key);
      return item ? JSON.parse(item) : initialValue;
    } catch (error) {
      return initialValue;
    }
  });

  const setValue = (value: T | ((val: T) => T)) => {
    try {
      const valueToStore = value instanceof Function ? value(storedValue) : value;
      setStoredValue(valueToStore);
      window.localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(valueToStore));
    } catch (error) {
      console.error(error);
    }
  };

  return [storedValue, setValue] as const;
}

Internationalization Support

Prepare for multilingual support:

1. Use libraries like i18next.
2. Centralize translation resources.
3. Establish naming conventions for translation keys.

// Internationalization resource example
const resources = {
  en: {
    translation: {
      welcome: "Welcome",
      userGreeting: "Hello, {{name}}!"
    }
  },
  zh: {
    translation: {
      welcome: "欢迎",
      userGreeting: "你好，{{name}}！"
    }
  }
};

// Usage in component
function Greeting() {
  const { t } = useTranslation();
  return <h1>{t('welcome')}</h1>;
}

Accessibility Standards

Ensure application accessibility:

1. Add ARIA attributes to interactive elements.
2. Ensure keyboard navigability.
3. Provide sufficient color contrast.

// Accessible button component
interface AccessibleButtonProps extends React.ButtonHTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement> {
  loading?: boolean;
}

const AccessibleButton: React.FC<AccessibleButtonProps> = ({
  children,
  loading,
  ...props
}) => {
  return (
    <button
      {...props}
      aria-busy={loading}
      aria-disabled={loading || props.disabled}
    >
      {loading ? 'Loading...' : children}
    </button>
  );
};

Responsive Design Principles

Implement responsive layouts:

1. Use CSS media queries.
2. Adopt a mobile-first strategy.
3. Avoid fixed pixel values.

// Responsive Hook example
function useMediaQuery(query: string): boolean {
  const [matches, setMatches] = useState(false);

  useEffect(() => {
    const media = window.matchMedia(query);
    if (media.matches !== matches) {
      setMatches(media.matches);
    }
    const listener = () => setMatches(media.matches);
    media.addListener(listener);
    return () => media.removeListener(listener);
  }, [matches, query]);

  return matches;
}

// Usage example
const isMobile = useMediaQuery('(max-width: 768px)');

Version Compatibility Strategy

Handle API version compatibility:

1. Specify API version in request headers.
2. Maintain type definitions for different versions.
3. Provide version migration guides.

// API client versioning example
class ApiClient {
  private readonly baseUrl: string;
  private readonly version: string;

  constructor(baseUrl: string, version = 'v1') {
    this.baseUrl = baseUrl;
    this.version = version;
  }

  async get<T>(endpoint: string): Promise<T> {
    const response = await fetch(`${this.baseUrl}/${this.version}${endpoint}`, {
      headers: {
        'Accept': `application/vnd.myapp.${this.version}+json`
      }
    });
    return response.json();
  }
}

Code Splitting Strategy

Optimize application loading performance:

1. Split code by route.
2. Dynamically import heavy components.
3. Preload critical resources.

// Dynamic import example
const HeavyComponent = React.lazy(() => import('./HeavyComponent'));

function App() {
  return (
    <Suspense fallback={<LoadingSpinner />}>
      <HeavyComponent />
    </Suspense>
  );
}

Data Fetching Patterns

Standardize data fetching:

1. Use SWR or React Query to manage server state.
2. Implement request cancellation.
3. Handle loading and error states.

// React Query example
function UserList() {
  const { data: users, isLoading, error } = useQuery<User[], Error>(
    'users',
    () => fetch('/api/users').then(res => res.json())
  );

  if (isLoading) return <Spinner />;
  if (error) return <Error message={error.message} />;

  return (
    <ul>
      {users?.map(user => (
        <li key={user.id}>{user.name}</li>
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
}

Styling Management Solutions

Choose appropriate styling solutions:

1. CSS Modules provide local scoping.
2. Styled-components support theming.
3. Utility-first frameworks like Tailwind improve development efficiency.

// CSS Modules example
import styles from './Button.module.css';

interface ButtonProps {
  variant?: 'primary' | 'secondary';
}

const Button: React.FC<ButtonProps> = ({ variant = 'primary', children }) => {
  const className = `${styles.button} ${styles[variant]}`;
  return <button className={className}>{children}</button>;
};

Build Optimization Configuration

Optimize production builds:

1. Code minification and obfuscation.
2. Resource hashing for cache strategies.
3. On-demand polyfilling.

// webpack.config.js snippet
module.exports = {
  optimization: {
    splitChunks: {
      chunks: 'all',
      cacheGroups: {
        vendors: {
          test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]/,
          priority: -10
        }
      }
    }
  }
};

Monitoring and Error Tracking

Implement application monitoring:

1. Integrate Sentry for error tracking.
2. Collect performance metrics.
3. Record user behavior analytics.

// Error boundary component
class ErrorBoundary extends React.Component {
  state = { hasError: false };

  static getDerivedStateFromError() {
    return { hasError: true };
  }

  componentDidCatch(error: Error, info: React.ErrorInfo) {
    Sentry.captureException(error, { extra: info });
  }

  render() {
    if (this.state.hasError) {
      return <FallbackUI />;
    }
    return this.props.children;
  }
}

Security Best Practices

Ensure application security:

1. Prevent XSS attacks.
2. Handle CSRF tokens.
3. Validate user input.

// Safely render HTML
function SafeHTML({ html }: { html: string }) {
  const sanitized = useMemo(() => {
    return DOMPurify.sanitize(html);
  }, [html]);

  return <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: sanitized }} />;
}