Team collaboration development standards

The Importance of Team Collaboration Development Standards

When multiple people collaborate on a project, unified standards can significantly improve code quality and reduce maintenance costs. Standardized development processes make it easier for team members to understand each other's code, minimize communication overhead, and enhance overall efficiency. Projects lacking standards often suffer from chaotic styles, functional conflicts, and other issues.

Code Style Standards

Naming Conventions

• Variables and functions use camelCase: userName, getUserInfo()
• Class names use PascalCase: UserModel
• Constants use uppercase with underscores: MAX_COUNT
• Private members start with an underscore: _privateMethod()

// Good naming examples
const MAX_RETRY_TIMES = 3;
let currentPage = 1;

function fetchUserData() {
  // ...
}

class UserController {
  constructor() {
    this._token = null;
  }
}

Code Formatting

Use tools like Prettier or ESLint for automatic code formatting, with configurations committed to the project repository:

// .prettierrc
{
  "semi": true,
  "singleQuote": true,
  "tabWidth": 2,
  "trailingComma": "es5"
}

Git Workflow Standards

Branch Management Strategy

Adopt the Git Flow branching model:

• master: Production code
• develop: Main development branch
• feature/*: Feature development branches
• hotfix/*: Emergency fix branches
• release/*: Pre-release branches

# Example of creating a feature branch
git checkout -b feature/user-authentication develop

Commit Message Standards

Use Angular commit conventions:

• feat: New feature
• fix: Bug fix
• docs: Documentation changes
• style: Code formatting adjustments
• refactor: Code refactoring
• test: Test-related changes
• chore: Build process or tooling changes

Example:

feat(user): add login API endpoint

- Implement JWT authentication
- Add login route handler
- Write unit tests for new feature

Frontend Project Structure Standards

Directory Structure

Organize code by functional modules:

src/
├── assets/          # Static assets
├── components/      # Shared components
├── pages/           # Page components
├── store/           # State management
├── utils/           # Utility functions
├── styles/          # Global styles
├── api/             # API interfaces
└── router/          # Routing configuration

Component Development Standards

1. One component per directory
2. Component files use PascalCase naming
3. Include test files

components/
└── UserProfile/
    ├── UserProfile.vue
    ├── UserProfile.spec.js
    └── UserProfile.module.css

Code Review Criteria

Review Points

1. Does the implementation meet requirements?
2. Are there potential performance issues?
3. Does the code follow project standards?
4. Is test coverage sufficient?
5. Are there security vulnerabilities?

Review Process

1. Developers run all tests locally
2. Create a Pull Request with detailed descriptions
3. Require approval from at least 1 core member
4. Resolve all review comments before merging

Documentation Requirements

Project Documentation

• README.md: Project overview, environment setup, startup commands
• API.md: API documentation
• CHANGELOG.md: Version change history

Code Comments

Add comments for complex logic:

/**
 * Calculate discounted price
 * @param {number} originalPrice - Original price
 * @param {number} discountRate - Discount rate (0-1)
 * @returns {number} Discounted price
 */
function calculateDiscountedPrice(originalPrice, discountRate) {
  if (discountRate < 0 || discountRate > 1) {
    throw new Error('Discount rate must be between 0 and 1');
  }
  return originalPrice * (1 - discountRate);
}

Testing Standards

Unit Testing

Use frameworks like Jest or Mocha, with coverage requirements:

• Statement coverage ≥ 80%
• Branch coverage ≥ 70%

// UserService.spec.js
describe('UserService', () => {
  it('should return user data when login success', async () => {
    const mockUser = { id: 1, name: 'test' };
    UserRepository.getById = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(mockUser);
    
    const result = await UserService.login('test', '123456');
    expect(result).toEqual(mockUser);
    expect(UserRepository.getById).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
  });
});

E2E Testing

Use Cypress or Puppeteer for end-to-end testing:

// login.spec.js
describe('Login Page', () => {
  it('should login successfully with valid credentials', () => {
    cy.visit('/login');
    cy.get('#username').type('admin');
    cy.get('#password').type('123456');
    cy.get('button[type=submit]').click();
    cy.url().should('include', '/dashboard');
  });
});

Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment

CI/CD Process

1. Code push triggers build
2. Run lint checks and unit tests
3. Build static assets
4. Deploy to test environment
5. Manual confirmation before production deployment

# .github/workflows/ci.yml
name: CI
on: [push, pull_request]
jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - run: npm install
      - run: npm run lint
      - run: npm test

Dependency Management

Package Version Control

1. Exact version numbers: "lodash": "4.17.21"
2. Regularly update dependencies: npm outdated
3. Use package-lock.json to lock versions

# Safely update dependencies
npm audit fix

Exception Handling Standards

Error Handling

Unified error handling middleware:

// errorMiddleware.js
function errorHandler(err, req, res, next) {
  if (err instanceof CustomError) {
    return res.status(err.statusCode).json({
      error: {
        code: err.code,
        message: err.message
      }
    });
  }
  
  // Unknown errors
  console.error(err.stack);
  res.status(500).json({ error: 'Internal Server Error' });
}

Logging

Use logging libraries like Winston:

const logger = winston.createLogger({
  level: 'info',
  format: winston.format.json(),
  transports: [
    new winston.transports.File({ filename: 'error.log', level: 'error' }),
    new winston.transports.File({ filename: 'combined.log' })
  ]
});

// Usage example
logger.info('User login', { userId: 123 });

Performance Optimization Guidelines

Frontend Optimization

1. Code splitting
2. Lazy loading images
3. Caching strategies

// Code splitting with dynamic imports
const UserProfile = React.lazy(() => import('./UserProfile'));

Backend Optimization

1. Database query optimization
2. API caching
3. Batch request processing

// Batch query example
async function getUsersByIds(userIds) {
  return User.findAll({
    where: {
      id: {
        [Op.in]: userIds
      }
    }
  });
}

Security Best Practices

Frontend Security

1. Prevent XSS attacks
2. CSP policies
3. Sensitive data protection

// XSS prevention example
function sanitizeInput(input) {
  return input.replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/>/g, '&gt;');
}

Backend Security

1. Input validation
2. SQL injection prevention
3. Access control

// Parameter validation middleware
function validateLogin(req, res, next) {
  const { username, password } = req.body;
  if (!username || !password) {
    throw new ValidationError('Username and password cannot be empty');
  }
  next();
}